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Welding Parts

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Welding parts are essential components manufactured through various welding techniques to join metals permanently, ensuring structural strength and durability.

These parts are widely used across industries such as automotive, aerospace, construction, industrial machinery, energy, and consumer products, where high strength and reliability are critical.

Welding Parts - Material Classification Table

Material Category	Common Materials	Key Properties	Typical Applications
Carbon Steel	Q235,Q345,A36,S235,S355	High strength,cost-effective,easy to weld	Construction structures,machinery frames automotive components
Stainless Steel	304,316,410,430	Corrosion resistance,heat resistance,hygienic properties	Food processing equipment,chemical industry,medical instruments
Aluminum Alloys	5,052,606,160,637,070	Lightweight,good corrosion resistance, excellent thermal conductivity	Aerospace parts,automotive panels, electronic housings
High-Temperature Alloys	Inconel 600,Inconel 625,Hastelloy,Titanium Alloys	High strength at elevated temperatures,oxidation resistance	Aerospace engine parts,power plant components,petrochemical equipment
Copper &Alloys	C11000(Copper),Brass (H62,H65),Bronze	High electrical &thermal conductivity,corrosion resistance	Electrical components,heat exchangers,plumbing fittings
Special Alloy Steels	Wear-resistant steel,High-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA)	Excellent wear resistance,high tensile strength	Mining equipment,heavy machinery,engineering components
Other Metals	Zinc-Coated Steel,Galvanized Steel	Corrosion protection,good strength-to-weight ratio	Outdoor structures,pipelines, automotive frames

Welding Parts Surface Treatment

Surface Treatment Method	Process Description	Main Purpose	Typical Materials	Advantages
Polishing	Mechanical or chemical treatment to smooth the surface	Improve surface roughness and aesthetics	Stainless steel, aluminum	Enhances appearance, reduces surface roughness
Sandblasting / Shot Blasting	High-speed abrasive particles impact the surface	Remove rust, scale, or old coatings	Carbon steel, stainless steel	Creates a clean, uniform, and adhesive-ready surface
Electroplating	Electrochemical coating with metals (e.g., nickel, zinc, chromium)	Corrosion resistance, decorative finish	Steel, copper alloys	Strong adhesion, wide choice of coating materials
Anodizing	Electrochemical oxidation of aluminum surface	Corrosion resistance, wear resistance, coloring	Aluminum, aluminum alloys	Hard surface layer, aesthetic coloring options
Powder Coating	Dry powder applied electrostatically, then cured under heat	Corrosion resistance, decorative finish	Steel, aluminum	Durable coating, uniform thickness, eco-friendly process
Hot-Dip Galvanizing	Steel immersed in molten zinc to form protective coating	Superior corrosion resistance	Carbon steel, structural steel	Long-term rust protection, cost-effective
Painting / Spraying	Liquid paint or coatings applied manually or automatically	Anti-corrosion, aesthetic appearance	Steel, aluminum, stainless steel	Easy application, wide range of colors
Passivation	Chemical treatment that removes free iron from the surface	Improves corrosion resistance	Stainless steel, titanium	Increases stainless steel corrosion resistance
Chemical Conversion Coating	Phosphate or chromate treatment forming protective film	Corrosion resistance, primer base for painting	Steel, aluminum alloys	Improves adhesion and corrosion resistance

Technical Parameters

Comprehensive Parameter Comparison Table of Welding Technologies for Hardware Products

Welding Category	Core Principle	Advantages	Disadvantages	Key Technical Parameters	Standard Reference (GB/T, National Standard)	Quality Evaluation Indicators	Application Scenarios
Arc Welding (Manual/Semi-automatic)	Uses the arc heat generated between the electrode and the base metal to melt the base metal and filler metal (welding wire/welding rod), forming a welded joint after cooling.	1. Wide application range (suitable for various metals, thickness: 5-50mm); 2. Low equipment cost and flexible operation; 3. Applicable for field operations.	1. Large welding deformation, requiring subsequent correction; 2. Weld quality depends on the operator's skills; 3. Low efficiency, prone to pores/incomplete penetration.	1. Welding current (80-500A); 2. Arc voltage (18-40V); 3. Welding speed (5-30cm/min); 4. Diameter of welding rod/wire (1.6-5.0mm).	GB/T 985-2008 (Grooves for Gas Welding and Arc Welding), GB/T 14957-1994 (Welding Wires)	1. Appearance: No cracks, pores, or undercutting (depth ≤ 0.5mm); 2. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): UT/RT qualification rate ≥ 98%; 3. Mechanical properties: Tensile strength ≥ 85% of base metal, no cracks in bending test.	1. Large hardware structural parts (e.g., steel shelves, mechanical frames); 2. Thick-walled pipe welding (e.g., hardware pipe connectors); 3. Field emergency repair (e.g., repair of agricultural machinery hardware components).
Resistance Welding (Spot/Seam Welding)	After workpieces are in contact, pressure is applied, and a large current is passed to generate heat via contact resistance, melting local base metal and forming spot welds/seam welds after cooling.	1. High efficiency (single spot welding time < 1s); 2. No filler material, small welding deformation; 3. Strong adaptability to automation.	1. Limited applicable thickness (usually ≤ 3mm, mostly for thin-plate hardware); 2. Low joint strength (unable to bear large tensile force); 3. Requires base metal with good electrical conductivity.	1. Welding current (1-100kA); 2. Electrode pressure (0.5-5kN); 3. Current-on time (5-500ms); 4. Electrode diameter (5-20mm).	GB/T 15579-2018 (Resistance Welding Equipment), GB/T 16855.1-2018 (Spot Weld Joints)	1. Spot weld diameter: ≥ 1.5 times the plate thickness (minimum ≥ 3mm); 2. Tensile shear strength: Meets product design requirements (e.g., ≥ 150N/mm² for spot welding of cold-rolled steel plates); 3. No false welding or burn-through.	1. Assembly of thin-plate hardware (e.g., iron file cabinets, metal distribution box casings); 2. Automotive hardware accessories (e.g., door hinges, seat metal brackets); 3. Wire mesh hardware products (e.g., spot welding connection of protective nets).
Oxy-Acetylene Welding (Gas Welding)	Uses high-temperature flame (approximately 3100℃) generated by the mixed combustion of acetylene and oxygen to melt the base metal and welding wire, forming a welded joint.	1. Portable equipment and extremely low cost; 2. Applicable for welding thin and small parts (thickness: 1-3mm); 3. Usable for repair welding and brazing.	1. Low flame temperature and slow heating speed (low efficiency); 2. Large heat-affected zone and severe deformation; 3. Low safety (flammable and explosive).	1. Oxy-acetylene mixture ratio (neutral flame: 1:1.2, oxidizing flame: 1:1.5); 2. Flame power (0.5-5kW); 3. Welding speed (3-8cm/min).	GB/T 986-2012 (Symbols for Gas Welding and Arc Welding Seams), GB/T 34526-2017 (Gas Welding Equipment)	1. Appearance: Flat weld, no burn-through or cracks; 2. Sealing performance: No leakage in air pressure test (for sealed hardware); 3. Hardness: Hardness fluctuation in heat-affected zone ≤ 20% of base metal.	1. Repair welding of small hardware parts (e.g., tool edges, repair of small-sized bolts); 2. Thin copper pipe welding (e.g., hardware plumbing accessories); 3. Simple hardware processing (e.g., hand-made metal crafts).
Brazing (Soft/Hard Brazing)	Heat to the melting point of the brazing filler metal (lower than the melting point of the base metal); the brazing filler metal melts, wets the base metal surface, fills the gap, and forms a joint after cooling.	1. Minimal welding deformation (low heat input); 2. Applicable for welding precision and complex hardware (e.g., gears, bearings); 3. No damage to base metal performance.	1. Low joint strength (soft brazing: ≤ 100MPa, hard brazing: ≤ 300MPa); 2. Strict requirement for base metal surface cleaning (oil, oxide layer); 3. Not suitable for high-temperature working conditions.	1. Brazing temperature (soft brazing: 180-450℃, hard brazing: > 450℃); 2. Holding time (5-60min); 3. Brazing filler metal gap (0.05-0.2mm).	GB/T 11364-2008 (Brazing Process Specification), GB/T 6418-1993 (Brazing Filler Metal Types)	1. Joint filling rate: ≥ 95% (no unfilled areas); 2. Shear strength: Meets the requirements of GB/T 11363; 3. Appearance: No brazing filler metal run-off or base metal oxidation.	1. Precision hardware components (e.g., clock gears, micro-motor casings); 2. Dissimilar metal connection (e.g., copper-steel hardware joints); 3. Sealed hardware parts (e.g., valve cores, sensor metal casings).
Laser Welding (Fiber Laser Welding)	Uses a high-energy-density laser beam (10⁶-10⁸W/cm²) to melt the base metal, achieving rapid welding (with no/little filler material).	1. Extremely small heat-affected zone (≤ 0.1mm) and negligible deformation; 2. High welding precision (weld width: 0.1-1mm); 3. High degree of automation.	1. High equipment cost (single unit: 100,000-500,000 RMB); 2. Strict requirements for base metal assembly gap (≤ 0.1mm); 3. Multi-layer welding required for thick-plate welding.	1. Laser power (500-6000W); 2. Focused spot diameter (0.1-0.5mm); 3. Welding speed (10-100cm/min); 4. Defocus amount (-2-+2mm).	GB/T 30564-2014 (Laser Welding Process Specification), GB/T 38813-2020 (Laser Welding Equipment)	1. Weld size: Width/depth ratio meets design requirements (usually 1:3-1:5); 2. NDT: No surface defects in MT/PT; 3. Fatigue performance: No fracture after 10⁷ cycles.	1. High-precision hardware products (e.g., mobile phone metal middle frames, laptop hardware brackets); 2. Thin-walled stainless steel parts (e.g., medical device hardware accessories, food-grade pipes); 3. Mass automated production (e.g., welding of new energy vehicle battery tabs).

Application Fields

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